Editing Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE)

{{Infobox organization
| name = Central Board of Secondary Education
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang = 
| image = 
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| logo = 
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| abbreviation = CBSE
| motto = ''Committed to Equity and Excellence in Education''[citation:4]
| predecessor = Board of High School and Intermediate Education, Rajputana
| formation = {{start date and age|1929}} (in current form, reconstituted in 1962)
| founder = 
| founding_location = 
| type = Governmental Board of Education
| status = 
| purpose = Educational oversight
| headquarters = [[Dwarka, Delhi|Dwarka]], [[New Delhi]], India
| location = Integrated Office Complex, Phase-1, Dwarka, New Delhi - 110077[citation:2]
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| region = India and international
| membership = Over 27,000 schools (approx. 2,500 government/aided, 24,000+ independent)[citation:4]
| language = English, Hindi
| leader_title = Chairperson
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| parent_organization = [[Ministry of Education (India)|Ministry of Education]], [[Government of India]]
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| website = {{URL|https://www.cbse.gov.in/}}
| footnotes = 
}}

The '''Central Board of Secondary Education''' ('''CBSE''') is a national level board of education in [[India]] for public and private schools, controlled and managed by the [[Government of India|Union Government of India]]. Established in 1929, the board grants affiliation to schools across India and operates in 25 foreign countries, with over 27,000 schools affiliated globally.[citation:4] CBSE is renowned for conducting two of the most significant school-leaving examinations in the country: the All India Secondary School Examination (AISSE) for Class 10 and the All India Senior School Certificate Examination (AISSCE) for Class 12.[citation:8]

== History ==
The origin of the CBSE dates back to 1921 when the 'Board of High School and Intermediate Education' was established in the United Provinces (now [[Uttar Pradesh]]). In 1929, the government reorganized it to cover more territories, naming it the 'Board of High School and Intermediate Education, Rajputana'. After [[Indian independence movement|India's independence]], the board was renamed the 'Central Board of Secondary Education' in 1952, with its constitution amended to enhance its reach and objectives.[citation:4] It was later reconstituted in 1962 to serve the educational needs of students whose parents were central government employees with frequent transfers, ensuring a uniform course of study across the country. The board's current vision, "Committed to Equity and Excellence in Education," aligns with the national goals of the [[Right to Education|Right to Education Act]].[citation:4][citation:5]

== Governance and Structure ==
CBSE operates under the aegis of the [[Ministry of Education (India)|Ministry of Education]], Government of India. Its headquarters is located in an integrated office complex in [[Dwarka, Delhi|Dwarka]], New Delhi.[citation:2] The board functions through a centralized structure, led by a Chairperson, and is supported by various academic, training, examination, and affiliation units. To manage its vast network effectively, CBSE has multiple regional offices across India, including in [[Chennai]], [[Ajmer]], [[Guwahati]], [[Panchkula]], and [[Dehradun]], each catering to schools in their respective zones.[citation:8]

=== International Expansion ===
In a significant move to support its growing global footprint, CBSE established its first international Regional Office and Centre of Excellence (CoE) in [[Dubai]], [[United Arab Emirates]], in July 2024. This office provides localized governance, streamlines communication, and offers academic support to affiliated schools in the Gulf region. The CoE focuses on capacity building and professional development for teachers in these overseas schools.[citation:1]

== Objectives ==
The primary objectives of the Central Board of Secondary Education are to:[citation:5][citation:7]
* Define appropriate academic approaches to provide stress-free, child-centered, and holistic education.
* Prescribe conditions and conduct public examinations at the end of Class X and XII.
* Affiliate institutions for the purpose of examinations and raise academic standards nationwide.
* Fulfill the educational requirements of students with transferable parents.
* Prescribe and update the course of instruction and syllabi for affiliated schools.
* Organize capacity-building and training programs to enhance the professional competency of teachers.
* Monitor and analyze the quality of academic activities through feedback from various stakeholders.

== Curriculum ==
The CBSE curriculum is known for its structured and comprehensive approach, closely aligned with the [[National Council of Educational Research and Training]] (NCERT) syllabus. It emphasizes conceptual understanding, competency-based learning, and holistic development in line with the [[National Education Policy 2020]].[citation:1][citation:6]

=== Primary School (Classes 1-5) ===
The focus is on activity-based and experiential learning. Core subjects include English, a regional language, Mathematics, and Environmental Studies, integrated with art, craft, and physical education.[citation:10]

=== Middle School (Classes 6-8) ===
Students are gradually introduced to more specialized subjects, including Science, Social Science, and advanced Mathematics, alongside three languages (at least two of which are native to India). The goal is to build critical thinking and foundational knowledge.[citation:10]

=== Secondary School (Classes 9-10) ===
This stage prepares students for the first national board examination (AISSE). The curriculum includes a compulsory third language and core subjects: English, Mathematics, Science, and Social Science. Students can also opt for skill-based vocational subjects like Information Technology or Artificial Intelligence.[citation:8][citation:10]

=== Senior Secondary (Classes 11-12) ===
Students choose a stream based on their career aspirations, with the curriculum designed to prepare them for competitive exams like [[Joint Entrance Examination – Advanced|JEE]] for engineering and [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)|NEET]] for medical studies. The major streams are:[citation:3][citation:10]
* '''Science:''' Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics/Biology, with electives like Computer Science.
* '''Commerce:''' Accountancy, Business Studies, Economics, and Mathematics/Informatics Practices.
* '''Humanities:''' History, Political Science, Geography, Sociology, Psychology, and Economics.
In line with evolving educational needs, CBSE has introduced new subjects for Class 12 such as 'Land Transportation Associate', 'Electronics and Hardware', 'Physical Activity Trainer', and 'Design Thinking and Innovation'.[citation:3]

== Examinations ==
CBSE conducts two primary board examinations annually:
* '''All India Secondary School Examination (AISSE):''' Held at the end of Class 10.
* '''All India Senior School Certificate Examination (AISSCE):''' Held at the end of Class 12.
In a major reform for the 2025-26 academic session, CBSE announced that Class 10 board examinations will be conducted twice a year—in February and April—offering students flexibility and the opportunity to improve their scores.[citation:3]

In addition to school exams, CBSE also conducts national level entrance tests, including:
* [[Joint Entrance Examination|JEE]] (Joint Entrance Examination) for engineering colleges.
* [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)|NEET (UG)]] for medical colleges.
* [[Central Teacher Eligibility Test|CTET]] (Central Teacher Eligibility Test) for teachers.[citation:8]

== Affiliation ==
CBSE affiliates schools that comply with its bylaws regarding infrastructure, faculty, and curriculum standards. The affiliation process is centralized and transparent, managed online through the board's official affiliation portal. As of recent data, CBSE has over 21,000 schools in India and more than 220 schools in 28 foreign countries.[citation:4] These include [[Kendriya Vidyalayas]], [[Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas]], and independent private schools. The board provides a common curriculum, ensuring uniformity in education for students transferring between schools across the country.

== See also ==
* [[National Institute of Open Schooling]] (NIOS)
* [[Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations]] (CISCE)
* [[List of boards of education in India]]
* [[Education in India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.cbse.gov.in/ Official Website]
* [https://www.cbseacademic.nic.in/ CBSE Academic Website]